Temporal modifier denoting approximation (e.g., 'about' in 'about three years ago'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21> and <ftp://jaguar.ncsl.nist.gov/ace/phase2/docs/mtrinstructionmanual_v1_32.pdf#page=20>.
approx
Temporal modifier denoting a point in time occurring on or after a given temporal expression (e.g., 'no less than' in 'no less than a year ago'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21> and <ftp://jaguar.ncsl.nist.gov/ace/phase2/docs/mtrinstructionmanual_v1_32.pdf#page=20>.
on or after
In the integration of KEM and NIF, a nif:Word is equated to the tokens returned by the NLP tokenization task. The use of the following properties is suggested: (1) nif:lemma, to represent the lemma of the token (2) nif:stem, to represent the stem of the token (3) nif:oliaLink, together with a constant from olia_top:MorphosyntacticCategory (e.g., from Penn OLiA module) to represent the part-of-speech. (4) nif:dependency and nif:dependencyRelationType (the latter together with constants from OLiA, e.g. the dependency labels in the stanford module) to link a token to its immediate children in the dependency tree
Temporal modifier denoting an after relation (e.g., 'less than' in 'less than a year ago'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21> and <ftp://jaguar.ncsl.nist.gov/ace/phase2/docs/mtrinstructionmanual_v1_32.pdf#page=20>.
after
Temporal modifier denoting the end of a temporal expression (e.g., 'end of 2010'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21> and <ftp://jaguar.ncsl.nist.gov/ace/phase2/docs/mtrinstructionmanual_v1_32.pdf#page=20>.
end
Temporal modifier denoting an interval equal to or larger than a given temporal expression (e.g., 'at least' in 'at least 10 days'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21> and <ftp://jaguar.ncsl.nist.gov/ace/phase2/docs/mtrinstructionmanual_v1_32.pdf#page=20>.
equal or more
Temporal modifier denoting the start of a temporal expression (e.g., 'dawn' in 'the dawn of 2000'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21> and <ftp://jaguar.ncsl.nist.gov/ace/phase2/docs/mtrinstructionmanual_v1_32.pdf#page=20>.
start
Temporal modifier denoting an interval equal to or smaller than a given temporal expression (e.g., 'no more' in 'no more than 10 days'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21> and <ftp://jaguar.ncsl.nist.gov/ace/phase2/docs/mtrinstructionmanual_v1_32.pdf#page=20>.
equal or less
Temporal modifier denoting a before relation (e.g., 'more than' in 'more than a decade ago'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21> and <ftp://jaguar.ncsl.nist.gov/ace/phase2/docs/mtrinstructionmanual_v1_32.pdf#page=20>.
before
Temporal modifier denoting the middle of a temporal expression (e.g., 'mid' in 'mid-February'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21> and <ftp://jaguar.ncsl.nist.gov/ace/phase2/docs/mtrinstructionmanual_v1_32.pdf#page=20>.
mid
Tense value denoting the infinitive verb tense. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
infinitive
Tense value denoting the future verb tense. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
future
Tense value denoting the past verb tense. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
past
Tense value denoting the present participle verb tense. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
present participle
Tense value associated to kemt:EventInstance(s) expressed by verbs preceded by a modal auxiliary, and to kemt:EventInstance(s) not expressed by verbs (e.g., realized by nominalizations). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=38>.
none
Tense value denoting the past participle verb tense. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
past participle
Tense value denoting the present verb tense. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
present
A textual resource (kem:Resource) consisting of plain text without any structure or markup. In the alignment of KEM to NIF, this class plays (also) the role of the document class a nif:Context is attached to via property nif:sourceURL.
text resource
Indicates temporal durations (e.g., 2 months, 3 hours). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=22>.
duration
Indicates a set of times (e.g., twice a week). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=23>.
set
Indicates a time of the day, even in an indefinite way (e.g., last night). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=22>.
time
Indicates calendar times (e.g., October 1, 1999). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21>.
date
Aspectual relation expressed by verbs (source kemt:EventInstance) such as 'continue', 'keep', 'go on', 'proceed', 'go along', 'carry on', 'uphold', 'bear on', 'persist', and 'persevere'. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=9> and <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=56>.
continues
Aspectual relation expressed by verbs (source kemt:EventInstance) such as 'finish' and 'complete'. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=9> and <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=56>.
culminates
Aspectual relation expressed by verbs (source kemt:EventInstance) such as 'begin', 'start', 'commence', 'set out', 'set about', 'lead off', 'originate', and 'initiate'. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=9> and <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=56>.
initiates
Aspectual relation expressed by verbs (source kemt:EventInstance) such as 'restart', 'reinitiate', and 'reignite'. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=9> and <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=56>.
reinitiates
Aspectual relation expressed by verbs (source kemt:EventInstance) such as 'stop', 'cancel', 'end', 'halt', 'terminate', 'cease', 'discontinue', 'interrupt', 'quit', 'give up', 'abandon', 'block', 'break off', 'lay off', 'call off', and 'wind up'. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=9> and <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=56>.
terminates
The only causality relation defined so far. See <http://www.aclweb.org/website/old_anthology/C/C14/C14-1198.pdf#page=2>.
cause
Subordinate relation where the source kemt:EventInstance must occur in order for the target kemt:EventInstance to possibly occur (e.g., 'if he buy beer, he will get drunk'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=52>.
conditional
Subordinate relation where the source kemt:EventInstance allows to infer that the target kemt:EventInstance is false / did not occur (e.g., 'he forget to buy sth'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=51>.
counter-factive
Subordinate relation where the source kemt:EventInstance provides positive evidence about the veracity of the target kemt:EventInstance (e.g., 'he said he bought sth'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=51>.
evidential
Subordinate relation where the source kemt:EventInstance allows to infer that the target kemt:EventInstance is true / actually occurred (e.g., 'he managed to buy sth'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=51>.
factive
A nif:String is treated here as a specific kind of resource fragment, namely the resource fragment associated to a kemt:TextResource. We consider here also non-consecutive strings, which are represented by typing them both as nif:String and as kem:CompositeFragment, with kem:hasComponent links to the consecutive nif:String(s) they are composed of. As for NIF specification, properties nif:beginIndex, nif:endIndex, and nif:anchorOf should be always specified for a nif:String. Property itsrdf:termInfoRef (from the Internationalized Tag Set W3C standard) can be used to associate a nif:String to a lexical sense or lexical concept it can be disambiguated with. Property kemt:lexicalEntry (introduced here) can be used to link a nif:String to the ontolex:LexicalEntry it represents an occurrence of in the text (a type/token relation).
Subordinate relation where the source kemt:EventInstance references a possible state of affairs conveyed by the target kemt:EventInstance (e.g., 'he promised to buy sth'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=51>.
modal
A nif:Sentence is here considered a kemt:ConstituentString.
Subordinate relation where the source kemt:EventInstance provides negative evidence about the veracity of the target kemt:EventInstance (e.g., 'he denied he bought sth'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=52>.
negative evidential
In the integration of KEM and NIF, a nif:Context represents the maximal fragment of a kemt:TextResource.
Temporal relation where the source kemt:TemporalElement is temporally located after the target kemt:TemporalElement. Inverse of kemt:trel_before. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=45>.
Marco Rospocher <https://dkm.fbk.eu/people/profile/rospocher>
Temporal relation where the source kemt:TemporalElement is temporally located before the target kemt:TemporalElement. Inverse of kemt:trel_after. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=45>.
Temporal relation where the source kemt:TemporalElement is the beginning of the target kemt:TemporalElement. Inverse of kemt:trel_begun_by. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=46>.
begins
Temporal relation where the target kemt:TemporalElement is the beginning of the source kemt:TemporalElement. Inverse of kemt:trel_begins. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=46>.
begun by
Temporal relation where the source kemt:TemporalElement (a kemt:EventInstance) persists through the whole duration of the target kemt:TemporalElement (a duration kemt:Timex). Inverse of kemt:trel_during_inv. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=45>.
during
KEM (Knowledge Extraction Model), is an ontological model that supports the RDF/OWL representation and alignment of all the contents involved in Knowledge Extraction from unstructured resources. KEM is built around the semiotic notions of reference and meaning, and consists of two modules: KEM Core and KEM Text. This ontology is the Text module of KEM (prefix kemt) and builds on KEM Core and NIF (NLP Interchange Format). KEM Text introduces several subclasses of kem:SemanticAnnotation for modeling the entities and the semantic relations among them that can be extracted from text via NLP. These semantic annotations can be instantiated based on NLP outputs, and aim at: (i) generalizing the heterogeneous annotations produced by tools for typical NLP tasks, usually coming in different formats, thus enabling to uniformly handle the different types of linguistic annotations produced; and (ii) representing, in a structured form, all the linguistic information needed to extract the knowledge conveyed by the text, such that access to the original text is not needed for further processing. #### Main Concepts (box 2) The definition of KEM Text starts by introducing some main concepts that specialize KEM Core for text media, reusing where appropriate terms from NIF: * kemt:TextResource, refinement of kem:Resource, represents a textual resource consisting of plain text without any structure or markup. * nif:String (from NIF) is declared as a specialization of kem:Fragment. * nif:Context (from NIF) is the maximal fragment associated to a kemt:TextResource. Compatibility with NIF is achieved by requiring that: (i) a nif:Context must be always present for a kemt:TextResource; (ii) property nif:sourceURL, subproperty of kem:fragmentOf, must be used to link a nif:Context to its kemt:TextResource; and (iii) all the nif:String fragments of the kemt:TextResource must be also associated to the nif:Context via property nif:referenceContext. * nif:Annotation (from NIF) is declared as a specialization of kem:Annotation, and property nif:annotation is declared subproperty of kem:hasAnnotation. * kemt:EntityAnnotation and kemt:RelationAnnotation are introduced as subclasses of kem:SemanticAnnotation and nif:Annotation. The first describes an entity lexicalized in the text (e.g., a named entity). The second describes a relation between the entities of the former annotations (e.g., coreference). #### Text Structure (box 3) KEM integrates the concepts of NIF for modeling fragments of text with specific syntactic roles: nif:Paragraph, nif:Sentence, nif:Word (a token) and its properties. We complement these concepts by: (i) introducing a notion of kemt:ConstituentString, to which kemt:ConstituentNodes can be attached to in order to represent the constituency parse tree; and (ii) supporting the representation of word decomposition in components (classes kemt:CompoundWord and kemt:WordComponent). #### Named Entities, Coreference, Coordination (box 4) Properties itsrdf:taClassRef and itsrdf:taIdentRef can be used on kemt:EntityAnnotations to represent the category of an entity and link it to an URI in an external knowledge base (e.g., DBpedia). The semantic annotation of named entities is supported via kemt:NamedEntity, which provides additional properties for representing the name or value associated to the entity. The coreference relation between lexicalized entities is modeled with class kemt:Coreference. Class kemt:Coreference allows linking the kem:EntityAnnotations whose entities are coordinated conjuncts (e.g., 'X, Y, and Z') in a span of text representing a group entity. #### Time Expressions, Events, Factuality and Causality (box 5) Inspired by TimeML, temporal entities can be annotated via kemt:TemporalElement and its subclasses: kemt:Timex for temporal expressions (e.g., “yesterday”) and kemt:EventInstance for events (e.g., the noun “earthquake”). Binary semantic relations (links) betwee temporal entities are modeled via kemt:Link and its subclasses: kemt:TemporalLink, kemt:SubordinateLink, kemt:AspectualLink, kemt:CausalLink, kemt:FactualityLink. The latter refers to FactBank, and allows representing the factuality assigned by a source agent (a kemt:EntityAnnotation) to a kemt:EventInstance. #### Semantic Role Labeling (box 6) Predicate-argument structures in the text can be annotated using kemt:Predicate and kemt:Argument (special kemt:EntityAnnotations) and kemt:Participation (a kind of kemt:RelationAnnotation). kemt:Predicate describes the event, relation or other structured entity (i.e., semantic frame) a predicate is about, using itsrdf:taClassRef to represent its disambiguated semantic class. kemt:Argument describes any argument entity (of any kind) associated to a predicate, using itsrdf:taPropRef to represent its disambiguated semantic role. kem:Participation links a kemt:Predicate to all its kem:Arguments.
Temporal relation where the target kemt:TemporalElement (a kemt:EventInstance) persists through the whole duration of the source kemt:TemporalElement (a duration kemt:Timex). Inverse of kemt:trel_during. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=45>.
DKM, Fondazione Bruno Kessler <http://dkm.fbk.eu/>
during (inverse)
Knowledge Extraction Model - Text Module
This ontology is licensed under CC-BY <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>
Temporal relation where the target kemt:TemporalElement is the end of the source kemt:TemporalElement. Inverse of kemt:trel_ends. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=46>.
ended by
This ontology provides the Text module of KEM, the Knowledge Extraction Model. It provides specializations of resources, mentions, and (semantic) annotations of KEM Core for the textual media, targeting the scenario of Knowledge Extraction from text.
Temporal relation where the source kemt:TemporalElement is the end of the target kemt:TemporalElement. Inverse of kemt:trel_ended_by. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=46>.
ends
Links a kemt:Participation relation to one of the kemt:Argument(s) for the predicate of the participation.
argument
Temporal relation where the source kemt:TemporalElement is temporally located immediately after the target kemt:TemporalElement. Inverse of kemt:trel_ibefore. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=45>.
immediately after
Entity annotation for an argument entity (of any kind) associated to a predicate. The disambiguated semantic role of the argument within the predicate-argument structure can be expressed via property itsrdf:taPropRef, possibly using semantic role URIs from PreMOn - http://premon.fbk.eu/ Annotations of this kind can be generated via the Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) NLP task.
Temporal relation where the source kemt:TemporalElement is temporally located immediately before the target kemt:TemporalElement. Inverse of kemt:trel_iafter. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=45>.
immediately before
Temporal relation indicating that the source and target kemt:TemporalElement(s) are exactly the same (used for kemt:EventInstance). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=46>.
Relation annotation describing a (so-called) predicate-argument structure where zero or more arguments (kemt:Argument annotations) participate to a predicate (kemt:Predicate). A kemt:Participation individual is linked to its components via properties: (1) kemt:predicate - linking the kemt:Predicate (2) kemt:argument - linking any kemt:Argument for the predicate (the role of the predicate is represented inside the argument via itsrdf:taPropRef) Note that a kemt:Predicate or kemt:Argument can be linked only to a kemt:Participation annotation. Annotations of this kind can be generated via the Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) NLP task.
identity
participation
Temporal relation where the source kemt:TemporalElement temporally includes the target kemt:TemporalElement. Inverse of kemt:trel_is_included. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=45>.
includes
Links a kemt:RelationAnnotation to all the kemt:EntityAnnotation involved in the described relation.
relates
Temporal relation where the source kemt:TemporalElement is temporally included in the target kemt:TemporalElement. Inverse of kemt:trel_includes. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=45>.
is included
Specifies the aspect of the verb (if any) associated to a kemt:EventInstance. Corresponds to attribute aspect of TimeML element MAKEINSTANCE. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
Temporal relation where the source and target kemt:TemporalElement(s) happen at the same time, or are temporally indistinguishable in context, i.e. they occur close enough to the same time that further distinguishing their times makes no difference to the temporal interpretation of the text. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=44>.
aspect
simultaneous
Temporal relation between two kemt:Timex annotations, indicating that the normalized value of the source kemt:Timex can be calculated as a function of the normalized value of the target kemt:Timex. This relation corresponds to the anchorTime attribute of TimeML, rather than a particular type of TLink.
Enumeration of aspect values (progressive, perfective, perfective/progressive, none) characterizing the verbs expressing kemt:EventInstance(s). This class and its enumerated instances corresponds to the set of values of attibute tense of TimeML element MAKEINSTANCE; see <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
timex anchor time
Temporal relation between two kemt:Timex annotations, the source one denoting a duration and the target one denoting the begin time instant of the duration. This relation corresponds to the beginPoint attribute of TimeML, rather than a particular type of TLink.
timex begin point
Temporal relation between two kemt:Timex annotations, the source one denoting a duration and the target one denoting the end time instant of the duration. This relation corresponds to the endPoint attribute of TimeML, rather than a particular type of TLink.
timex end point
Temporal element annotation corresponding to an occurrence (or a set of occurrences) of an event, i.e., a situation that happens or occurs, being punctual or lasting for a period of time. An kemt:EventInstance is characterized by a kemt:type, taking values from kemt:EventType. If the event instance is expressed by a verb predicate, properties kemt:aspect and kemt:tense can be used to specify its aspect and tense (these properties are defined on kemt:EventInstance, and not on the annotated nif:String, for better consistency with TimeML). The EventInstance can be modified by enumerated properties kemt:modality (e.g., 'should') and kemt:polarity (negative if the event is to be negated, i.e., the opposite holds). An optional kemt:signalString can be specified to specify an additional string (w.r.t. the one annotated by the kemt:EventInstance) that provides evidence for a specific EventInstance among the ones denoted by the annotated string. E.g., "John taught yesterday but not today" gives rise to two kemt:EventInstances, both having "taught" as event and possibly with different signals. This class derives from the MAKEINSTANCE element of TimeML, while the string annotated with this class roughly corresponds to the EVENT markable in TIMEML. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=32>.
event instance
Superproperty used to tag an annotation or other element with a kemt:Feature value. See specific subproperties for more details.
feature
Links a kemt:Coordination annotation to the conjunct kemt:EntityAnnotation(s) it relates.
conjunct
Relation annotation describing the coordination relation between multiple kemt:EntityAnnotation(s), linked via property kemt:conjuct. A kemt:EntityAnnotation for the group entity having conjunct entities as members can be linked via property kemt:group. In case only an indication of coordinated conjunct strings is available, property kemt:conjunctString can be used to link the kemt:Coordination annotation to those nif:String(s) (a similar property is not provided for the group entity, as it is expected that its string corresponds to the string annotated with kemt:Coordination).
coordination
Links a kemt:Coordination annotation to its conjunct nif:String(s). Note that these strings are treated as kem:Mention(s).
conjunct string
Links a kemt:Coreference relation annotation to the kemt:EntityAnnotation of coreferring entities.
coreferring
Relation annotation describing a coreference relation between multiple kemt:EntityAnnotation, linked via property kemt:coreferring. If only an indication of coreferring nif:Strings is available, property kemt:coreferringString can be used to link the kemt:Coreference annotation to these strings.
coreference
Links a kemt:Coreference annotation to the coreferring nif:String(s) it relates. Note that these nif:String(s) are considered kem:Mention(s) as they must have a referent which is coreferred.
coreferring string
This is the asymmetric, transitive dominance relation between nodes of a constituency tree. Dominance implies string containment (container nif:superString contained) of associated constituency strings.
dominates
A node of a constituency parse tree, whose syntactic category is specified by property kemt:syntacticCategory. Note that multiple kemt:ConstituentNode(s), having different syntactic categories, can correspond to the same span of text (kemt:ConstituentString), e.g., a NP (noun phrase) node and a N (noun) node. The identity of a kemt:ConstituentNode is given by the annotated constituent string and its syntactic category. Constituent nodes are related by three relations: (1) kemt:immediatelyDominates - links a node to the node it immediately dominates in the constituency tree (i.e., its direct children) (2) kemt:dominates - the transitive closure of kemt:immediatelyDominates (3) kemt:headConstituentNode - link a node to the child node representing the head of the constituent
constituent node
factuality value
Enumeration of factuality values (CT+,PR+,PS+,...) used in kemt:FactualityLink(s) to characterize the certainty and polarity of a kemt:EventInstance. This class and its enumerated instances corresponds to the set of values of attribute factValue of FactBank; see <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=17>.
FactBank link expressing a binary factuality relation between a source kemt:EventInstance and a target kemt:EventSource. The range of kemt:relation is restricted to kemt:FactualityRelation, which covers the three cases of factuality assignment, factuality source introduction, and source-introducing predicate origination from another source. The ranges of kemt:source and kemt:target are restricted to kemt:EventInstance. For factuality assignment links, a further property kemt:factValue can be used to specify the factuality value assigned by the source to the event instance. This class is inspired by the modeling of factuality of FactBank <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf>. We model factuality relations as binary links for consistency with other binary relations modeled this way, although in FactBank they are not called 'link’.
factuality link
Enumeration of values / data categories for a feature used in annotations. This is an abstact class covering all the different types of features used in KEM Text. See subclasses for more details.
Specifies the function played by a kemt:Timex in the scope of the containing document. Default value kemt:fn_none can be used to express that the kemt:Timex has no particular function within the document. Corresponds to attribute functionInDocument of TimeML element TIMEX3. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=29>.
function in document
Enumeration of possible functions a kemt:Timex can play in the scope of the containing document. This class and its enumerated instances corresponds to the set of values of attibute functionInDocument of TimeML element TIMEX3; see <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=29>.
Temporal element annotation corresponding to a temporal expression (abbreviated timex). A kemt:Timex is characterized by a kemt:type, taking values from TimexType. The normalized value of the Timex is provided by the kemt:value property, if it can be determined. Boolean property kemt:temporalFunction is set to true if the normalized value is expressed as a function of another so-called anchor time expression (connected via a kemt:TemporalLink), The value of a kemt:Timex can be modified by an optional kemt:mod. Property kemt:functionInDocument provides the function the kemt:Timex plays in the associated document (e.g., creation time). If the temporal expression denotes a duration, it can be linked to the timex representing its begin and end points via kemt:TemporalLink(s). This class derives from the TIMEX3 element of TimeML. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=14>.
timex
Links a kemt:Coordination annotation to the group entity kemt:EntityAnnotation(s) comprising all the conjuncts.
group
Links a compound word (kemt:CompoundWord) to its component word stem (kemt:WordComponent) that acts as head (if an head exists - i.e., if the compound word is endocentric). Implies string containment.
head component
A component (word stem) of a compound word.
word component
The relation between a node of the constituency tree and the node it immediately dominates that acts as its syntactic head (e.g., between the NP node for "nice ontology" and the N node for "ontology"). This is a 1:1 relation implying immediate dominance.
head constituent node
The immediate dominance relation between a parent node of the constituency tree and its immediate child nodes. This is a 1:N relation, implying the more general dominance relation.
immediately dominates
Links a constituent string to its head word. Implies string containment.
head word
A substring of a sentence acting as a syntactic constituent, i.e., including all the words that are dominated by a certain node in the consituency tree for the sentence. Sentences and words (as defined in NIF) are considered constituent strings. A kemt:ConstituentString is associated to one or more kemt:ConstituentNodes of the constituency tree, with distinct syntactic categories. Class nif:Phrase from could have in principle been used for denoting constituents, but its semantics is left open in NIF.
constituent string
Specifies the possible modifier applied to a kemt:Timex. Corresponds to attribute mod of TimeML element TIMEX3. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=26>.
modifier
Enumeration of temporal modifiers further characterizing a kemt:Timex. This class and its enumerated instances corresponds to the set of values of attibute mod of TimeML element TIMEX3; see <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=26> and <ftp://jaguar.ncsl.nist.gov/ace/phase2/docs/mtrinstructionmanual_v1_32.pdf#page=20>.
temporal modifier
Specifies a normalized object value associated to a kemt:EntityAnnotation. This property is currently used to provide normalized OWL Time values for for a kemt:Timex.
object value
A semantic annotation (kem:annotation) of a string (nif:annotation) that describes an entity lexicalized in the text (e.g., a named entity). The described entity is identified by property kem:subject and often corresponds to the referent of the string, although it can be any other entity which is implicated by the string (e.g., `player' refers to the person playing but also imply a play event - this is a case of argument nominalization). The following properties of the Internationalized Tag Set can be used with instances of this class: (1) itsrdf:taClassRef - for representing the entity category or class from some (possibly formal) taxonomy (2) itsrdf:taIdentRef - for linking the entity to some URI denoting it in an external knowledge base (e.g., to the corresponding DBpedia URI, as a result of Entity Linking) This class is subclasses based on the particular kind of entity described and/or NLP task responsible for the annotation.
entity annotation
Specifies the polarity of a kemt:EventInstance. Corresponds to attribute polarity of TimeML element MAKEINSTANCE. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=44>.
polarity
Enumeration of polarity values (positive, negative), which specify whether the action or state associated to a kemt:EventInstance is negated (i.e., the opposite holds). This class and its enumerated instances corresponds to the set of values of attibute polarity of TimeML element MAKEINSTANCE; see <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=44>.
Links a kemt:Participation annotation to the mandatory, unique kemt:Predicate for that participation relation.
predicate
Entity annotation for the event, relation, or other structured entity lexicalized by a predicate. The disambiguated semantic class(es) of the predicate, according to some external predicate model, can be expressed via property itsrdf:taClassRef, possibly using semantic class URIs from PreMOn - http://premon.fbk.eu/ Annotations of this kind can be generated via the Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) NLP task.
Links a nif:Annotation to the raw string annotated by the NLP tool, before any normalization is possibly applied (e.g., to align the string to tokens, or to discard certain words such as prepositions and determiners).
raw string
A semantic annotation (kem:annotation) of a string (nif:annotation) that describes a relation between the subjects of (typically two or more) entity annotations (kemt:EntityAnnotation). Example of relations are coreference, coordination, predicate-argument participation, etc. The link between a kemt:RelationAnnotation and the kemt:EntityAnnotation(s) it involves is represented with property kemt:relates, which is specialized by annotation subclasses.
relation annotation
Specifies the specific relation conveyed by a kemt:Link. With respect to TimeML, it corresponds to attribute relType of elements TLINK, SLINK and ALINK. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=50>, <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=56> and <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=58>.
relation
Relation annotation describing a binary relation between a source and a target kemt:EntityAnnotation. A kemt:Link is described by the following properties: (1) kemt:source - the source kemt:EntityAnnotation (2) kemt:target - the target kemt:EntityAnnotation (3) kemt:relation - an enumerated constant further characterizing the specific kind of relation between source and target (as there are many of them, we only capture the main kinds of link with classes, and rely on this property to provide further details). This annotation is inspired by, and generalizes, the notions of TLink, SLink, and ALink of TimeML, which are all characterized by a source, target, relation, and optional signal string.
link
Enumeration of relations expressed by kemt:Link(s). This class is further specialized by subclasses corresponding 1:1 to the subclasses of kemt:Link. This class and its values corresponds to the set of values for attibute relType of TimeML elements TLINK, SLINK and ALINK (see subclasses).
Links the annotation of a string (the annotated string) to another string (the signal) that supports / justify the existence of the annotation itself. The notion is 'signal' is taken and generalized from TimeML (and extensions), where it is used to mark words such as 'after', 'because' that indicate (signal) the existence of some temporal, causal, or other relation, or permit to distinguish a particular event instance from another.
signal string
Link a binary kemt:Link relation annotation to its source kemt:EntityAnnotation. As class kemt:Link, this property is inspired by TimeML, and corresponds to: - attribute eventInstanceID or timeID of element TLINK, see <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=50> - attribute eventInstanceID of element SLINK, see <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=55> - attribute eventInstanceID of element ALINK, see <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=58>
source
Specifies the syntactic category of a constituency tree node. The range is voluntarily unspecified. We suggest the use of olia-top:SyntacticCategory constants.
syntactic category
Link a binary kemt:Link relation annotation to its target kemt:EntityAnnotation. As class kemt:Link, this property is inspired by TimeML, and corresponds to: - attribute relatedToEventInstance or relatedToTime of element TLINK, see <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=50> - attribute subordinatedEventInstance of element SLINK, see <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=55> - attribute relatedToEventInstance of element ALINK, see <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=58>
target
Specifies the tense of the verb (if any) associated to a kemt:EventInstance. Corresponds to attribute tense of TimeML element MAKEINSTANCE. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
tense
Enumeration of tense values (future, infinitive, past, past participle, present, present participle, none) characterizing the verbs expressing a kemt:EventInstance. This class and its enumerated instances corresponds to the set of values of attibute tense of TimeML element MAKEINSTANCE; see <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
Specifies the type of a kemt:TemporalElement. Corresponds to attribute type of element TIMEX3 and attribute class of element EVENT (and, by extension, MAKE_INSTANCE). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#21> and <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#9>.
type
Entity annotation for an event instance (kemt:EventInstance), a temporal entity (kemt:Timex) or anything that can be located in time, based on the modeling of TimeML and its extensions (e.g., FactBank). A kemt:TemporalElement is characterized by a kemt:type and can be the source and/or target of kemt:Link(s). This class derives from and generalizes the TimeML elements TIMEX3 and MAKEINSTANCE. See subclasses for more details.
temporal element
Enumeration of type constants used in KEM Text. This class is specialized by two subclasses covering respectively kemt:Timex types and kemt:EventInstance types. This class and its values corresponds to the set of values for attibute class of element EVENT and attribute type of element TIMEX3 of TimeML; see subclasses.
Specifies the frequency (e.g., 'twice' -> '2X') characterizing a kemt:tt_set kemt:Timex. Corresponds to attribute freq of TimeML element TIMEX3. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=30>.
frequency
Specifies a normalized literal value associated to a kemt:EntityAnnotation. This property is currently used to provide normalized values for certain categories of kemt:NamedEntity, and to provide a normalized temporal value (string) for a kemt:Timex.
literal value
Specifies an optional modality term associated to a kemt:EventInstance (e.g., 'should'). Corresponds to attribute modality of TimeML element MAKEINSTANCE. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=44>.
modality
Specifies the proper name of a kemt:NamedEntity, as used in the text.
proper name
Entity annotation for named entities, i.e., entities referred with a proper name or another identifying expression in the text. The entity category and the identifier in an external knowledge base can be represented using attributes itsrdf:taClassRef and itsrdf:taIdentRef, respectively (as for a plain kemt:EntityAnnotation). In addition, the following specific properties can be used: (1) kemt:properName - to represent the proper name used in the text (2) kemt:value - to represent the normalized numeric or otherwise typed value represented by the named entity (e.g., a number or an amount of money) (3) kemt:unit - to represent a possible unit or other qualifier characterizing the value (e.g., a currency associated to an amount of money)
named entity
Specifies an optional quantifier (e.g., 'each', 'every') characterizing a kemt:tt_set kemt:Timex. Corresponds to attribute quant of TimeML element TIMEX3. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=30>.
quantifier
Specifies whether the normalized value of a kemt:Timex is expressed as a function applied to another anchor kemt:Timex. Corresponds to attribute temporalFunction of TimeML element TIMEX3. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=26>.
temporal function
Specifies a unit of measure or other qualifier that characterize the value associated to a kemt:NamedEntity (e.g., the currency associated to an amount of money).
unit
Aspect value denoting the perfect(ive) verb aspect. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
perfective
Aspect value denoting the progressive verb aspect. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
progressive
Aspect value denoting the not perfect(ive), not progressive verb aspect; also applies to kemt:EventInstances not denoted by verbs. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
Aspect value denoting the perfect(ive) and progressive verb aspect. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=36>.
perfective progressive
TimeML link connecting a source aspectual kemt:EventInstance to a target argument kemt:EventInstance, where the source indicates the initiation, reinitiation, termination, culmination or continuation of the target. The range of kemt:relation is restricted to kemt:AspectualRelation. The ranges of kemt:source and kemt:target are restricted to kemt:EventInstance. This class derives from the ALink element of TimeML - <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/timeml_1.2.1.html#alink>.
aspectual link
Enumeration of relations expressed by kemt:AspectualLink(s). This class and its enumerated instances correspond to the values of attribute relType of TimeML element ALINK - <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=58>.
aspectual relation
Link connecting a source kemt:EventInstance to a target kemt:EventInstance, where the source is the cause and the target is the effect determined by the cause. The range of kemt:relation is restricted to CausalRelation. The ranges of kemt:source and kemt:target are restricted to kemt:EventInstance. This class models the CLINK element defined in <http://www.aclweb.org/website/old_anthology/C/C14/C14-1198.pdf#page=2>.
causal link
Enumeration of relations expressed by kemt:CausalLink(s). This class is defined for consistency with the modelling of kemt:Link binary relations, although currenty only one causal relation - 'cause' - has been defined. See <http://www.aclweb.org/website/old_anthology/C/C14/C14-1198.pdf#page=2>.
causal relation
A compound word is a word obtained by the composition of multiple word stems (WordComponent), one of them possibly acting as head component. Examples: keyboard (key + board=head), half sister (half + sister=head), mass-produced (mass + produced=head), white-collar (white + collar, no head).
compound word
Enumeration of types characterizing kemt:EventInstance(s). This class and its enumerated instances corresponds to the values of attribute 'class' of TimeML element EVENT - <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=9>.
event type
Indicates events associated to aspectual predication, i.e., denoting the initiation, reinitiation, termination, culmination or continuation of another argument event (the respective kemt:EventInstance(s) being associated by a kemt:AspectualLink). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=9>.
aspectual
Indicates events describing the circumstances in which something obtains or holds true. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=13>.
state
Indicates events such as 'try', 'investigate', 'delay' and 'avoid' that denote actions that take another event as argument (action, situation), which may not have occurred yet. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=10>.
intensional action
Indicates events such as 'believe', 'want', 'hope', 'fear', and 'need' that refer to possible state of affairs. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=11>.
intensional state
Indicates events involving the physical perception of another event, expressed by verbs such as 'see', 'watch', 'glimpse', 'behold', 'view', 'hear', 'listen', and 'overhear'. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=9>.
perception
Indicates all the other events (not et_reporting, et_perception, et_i_action, et_i_state, et_state classes) that describe something that happens or occurs in the world. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=14>.
occurrence
Indicates events describing the action of an agent declaring something, narrating an event, informing about an event, etc; examples are 'say', 'report', 'tell', 'explain', and 'state'. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=9>.
reporting
Enumeration of types characterizing kemt:Timex annotations. This class and its enumerated instances corresponds to the values of attribute type of TimeML element TIMEX3 - <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21>.
timex type
Factuality value denoting that the source knows whether it is probably the case that the event occurred or not (but this is not expressed in the text). See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=17>.
probably positive or negative
Factuality value denoting that the source knows whether it is possibly the case that the event occurred or not (but this is not expressed in the text). See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=17>.
possibly positive or negative
Factuality value denoting that the factuality nature of the event cannot be evaluated. See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=17>.
non-applicable
Factuality value denoting that, according to the source, it is possibly the case that the event occurred. See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=17>.
possibly positive
Factuality value denoting that, according to the source, it is probably the case that the event occurred. See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=17>.
probably positive
Factuality value denoting that, according to the source, it is possibly not the case that the event occurred. See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=17>.
possibly negative
Factuality value denoting that, according to the source, it is probably not the case that the event occurred. See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=17>.
probably negative
Factuality value denoting that the a different (undefined) factuality value should be used or that the annotator does not know what value to assign. See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=17>.
other
Factuality value denoting that that the source does not know what is the factual status of the event, or does not commit to it. See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=17>.
fully underspecified
Factuality value denoting that the source certainly knows whether it is the case that the event occurred or not (but this is not expressed in the text). See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=17>.
certainly positive or negative
Factuality value denoting that, according to the source, it is certainly not the case that the event occurred. See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=17>.
certainly negative
Factuality value denoting that, according to the source, it is certainly the case that the event occurred. See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=17>.
certainly positive
Entity annotation for a source of factuality judgements. A kemt:FactualitySource can be explicitly stated in the text (and thus corresponds to a text markable) or it can be implicit, as in the case of the text author (thus, property nif:annotation is not mandatory). Apart from the implicit text author, other factuality sources are introduced by (so-called) source-introducing predicates, which are kemt:EventInstance(s) expressed by verbs such as 'say', 'believe', etc. kemt:FactualityLink(s) relate a kemt:FactualitySource to: (i) the event instance a factuality judgment is expressed for; (ii) the source-introducing event instance for that source; and (iii) an event instance that originates / is reported by the source. See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf#page=3>.
factuality source
Enumeration of relations specified via kemt:FactualityLink. Currently three relations are defined, based on the factuality modeling of FactBank: * kemt:frel_factuality_assignment - the assignment of a factuality value to an event instance by a source agent * kemt:frel_source_introduction - the fact that a source agent is introduced in the discourse by an event (called source-introducing predicate) * kemt:frel_event_origin - the fact that a source-introducing event originates from another source (this allows deriving the nesting relation of FactBank) See <https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2009T23/annotationGuidelines.pdf>.
factuality relation
Factuality relation indicating the assignment of a factuality value to an event instance by a source agent.
factuality assignment
Factuality relation indicating the fact that a source-introducing event originates from another source (this allows deriving the nesting relation of FactBank).
source introduction
event origin
Indicates that a kemt:Timex does not corresponds to any special time associated to a kemt:TextResource (creation, expiration, modification, publication, reception, release). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=29>.
Indicates that a kemt:Timex corresponds to the time the containing kemt:TextResource expires (if any). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=29>.
expiration time
Indicates that a kemt:Timex corresponds to the time the containing kemt:TextResource is published. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=29>.
publication time
Indicates that a kemt:Timex corresponds to the time the containing kemt:TextResource may be released (if not immediately). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=29>.
release time
Indicates that a kemt:Timex corresponds to the time the containing kemt:TextResource is created. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=29>.
creation time
Indicates that a kemt:Timex corresponds to the time the containing kemt:TextResource is modified. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=29>.
modification time
Indicates that a kemt:Timex corresponds to the time the containing kemt:TextResource is received by a customer. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=29>.
reception time
Polarity value indicating that the kemt:EventInstance it applies to is not negated. Inverse of kemt:polarity_neg. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=44>.
positive
Polarity value indicating that the kemt:EventInstance it applies to is negated (i.e., the opposite holds). Inverse of kemt:polarity_pos. See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=44>.
negative
TimeML link connecting two kemt:EventInstance(s), where the source kemt:EventInstance predicates or operates on a subordinate target kemt:EventInstance. The range of kemt:relation is restricted to kemt:SubordinateRelation. The ranges of kemt:source and kemt:target are restricted to kemt:EventInstance. This class derives from the SLink element of TimeML - <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/timeml_1.2.1.html#slink>.
subordinate link
Enumeration of relations expressed by kemt:SubordinateLink(s). This class and its enumerated instances correspond to the values of attribute relType of TimeML element SLINK - <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=56>.
subordinate relation
TimeML link connecting a source and a target kemt:TemporalElement(s). The range of kemt:relation is restricted to kemt:TemporalRelation. The ranges of kemt:source and kemt:target are restricted to kemt:TemporalElement. This class derives from the TLink element of TimeML - <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/timeml_1.2.1.html#tlink>.
temporal link
Enumeration of relations expressed by kemt:TemporalLink(s). This class and its enumerated instances correspond to the values of attribute relType of TimeML element TLINK - <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=50>.
temporal relation
Temporal modifier denoting an interval strictly smaller than a given temporal expression (e.g., 'nearly' in 'nearly four decades'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21> and <ftp://jaguar.ncsl.nist.gov/ace/phase2/docs/mtrinstructionmanual_v1_32.pdf#page=20>.
less than
Temporal modifier denoting an interval strictly larger than a given temporal expression (e.g., 'more than' in 'more than 5 minutes'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21> and <ftp://jaguar.ncsl.nist.gov/ace/phase2/docs/mtrinstructionmanual_v1_32.pdf#page=20>.
more than
Temporal modifier denoting a point in time occurring on or before a given temporal expression (e.g., 'no more than' in 'no more than a year ago'). See <http://www.timeml.org/site/publications/timeMLdocs/annguide_1.2.1.pdf#page=21> and <ftp://jaguar.ncsl.nist.gov/ace/phase2/docs/mtrinstructionmanual_v1_32.pdf#page=20>.
on or before